Articles

Many online tools in this website are built on beautiful ideas from mathematics, computer science and physics. These articles explain those ideas from the beginning, in plain words and with diagrams, for people who have never heard of them.

Turing machines

What a Turing machine is, how it works, and the many types of Turing machines, explained for beginners with diagrams.

Cellular automata

What a cellular automaton is, from the elementary rules to the Game of Life and Lenia, and how they are classified, explained for beginners.

Fractals

What a fractal is, from the Sierpinski triangle to the Mandelbrot set, what fractal dimension means, and how fractals are classified, explained for beginners.

Artificial life

What artificial life is, how flocks, cells and evolving creatures emerge from simple rules, from boids and Lenia to Tierra and xenobots, explained for beginners.